![]() ![]() A direct approach involves the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Synthetic taurine is obtained by the ammonolysis of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite. The sulfonic acid has a low p K a ensuring that it is fully ionized to the sulfonate at the pHs found in the intestinal tract. Taurine exists as a zwitterion H 3N +CH 2CH 2SO − 3, as verified by X-ray crystallography. Taurine concentrations in land plants are low or undetectable, but up to 1,000 nmol/g wet weight have been found in algae. Taurine is used as a food additive for cats, dogs, and poultry. Taurine is commonly sold as a dietary supplement, but there is no good clinical evidence that taurine supplements provide any benefit to human health. Īlthough taurine is abundant in human organs with diverse putative roles, it is not an essential dietary nutrient and is not included among nutrients with a recommended intake level. It was discovered in human bile in 1846 by Edmund Ronalds. Taurine is named after Latin taurus ( cognate to Ancient Greek ταῦρος, taûros) meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine ( / ˈ t ɔː r iː n/), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. ![]()
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